Evaluation of Three Lesson Plan Templates for ELT Free Essays

Showing English as a Second Language (ELT) is a requesting work that is as of now encountering too barely any educators to round the employments out there.â As an ever increasing number of remote understudies enter United States Schools, experienced instructors will be expected to fill these slots.â Thus, preparing ELT educators is the very pinnacle of worry for training offices in universities and colleges all through the nation. We will compose a custom exposition test on Assessment of Three Lesson Plan Templates for ELT or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now  Clearly, instruments, methodologies and bolster must be caused accessible to these new instructors with the goal that they to can concentrate their time on educating the students.â A decent exercise plan layout will go far in facilitating the weight on the ELT educator. This exposition will concentrate on the three exercise plan layouts submitted for teaching ELT classes.â These formats will be broke down and assessed for the accompanying components:â 1) ID of exercise and goals 2) systems and strategies, 3) gear and materials required, 4) utilization of innovation, 5) support and enhancement, 6) basic arrangement, 7) in general proficiency of utilization. These measures are significant in the advancement of a reasonable exercise plan and will help new ELT instructors in planning intensive and suitable lessons.â After that, the exercise plans will be surveyed dependent on their qualities and shortcomings followed by some general recommendations for development for both the individual exercise plan layouts and for every one of the three formats together. General Description Outwardly this exercise plan furnishes an enormous recording space with point markers the left hand edge, aside from the date and time in the upper right hand corner.â This exercise distinguishes the fundamental class/date/time information.â Then it gives a spot to points and new lexis.â It at that point gives a spot to required hardware, materials and readiness before class begins.â Then the arrangement gives a two lined table for the technique for the exercise and the time it will take.â Finally, the arrangement gives a spot for the schoolwork and remarks on the exercise. Qualities The qualities of this exercise incorporate its consideration of the new words to realize, which is essential to the ELT homeroom and the underlying notice of the points, which we can accept that are the objectives.â The planning out of each piece of the exercise on the table is additionally important.â One of the most significant pieces of the arrangement is its appearance area at the bottom.â Comments on the exercise are crucial to improving it for the following introduction. Shortcomings This exercise plan is dispersed oddly.â It doesn't give sufficient space to the technique section.â â Organization appears to be somewhat off as well.â The gear and materials separate the strategy for the exercise from its points and new expressions of study.â It is difficult to tell from the strategies area what precisely will occur; this leaves a great deal for the instructor to write in consistently. Recommendations for Improvement I would move the Methods segment up under the Aims and New Lexis subheadings.â This way, the whole exercise is introduced as a unit as opposed to separated by the materials and gear needed.â â I would likewise consider moving the Before the Class going to the top, so it tends to be finished the day before.â After that, the exercise is still linear.â Also consider this †if the exercise consistently contains a segment for, state, oral reiteration of new words followed by visual pictures of the words, these two subheadings could be composed in to spare time recorded as a hard copy out the exercise plan. General Description This exercise plan format utilizes six flat boxes. The first contains fundamental data like class, room number, date, time and length of lesson.â The subsequent box is devoted to the points of the ELT procedure and incorporates four classifications of these aims:â useful, auxiliary, phonological and abilities aims.â Then, the third box records materials; the fourth box records helps; and the fifth box accommodates an assessment of the methodology. Qualities The physical design is appealing and suitable for indicating clear divisions in the plan.â The partition of the exercise points into classes is significant and reminds the educator that every exercise needs to meet every one of these four segments so as to ensure the ELT understudy completely gets a handle on the idea being taught.â Again, a spot to assess the exercise, or segments of it, is essential for future arranging, and abundant space is given for the instructor to do as such in this specific exercise plan layout. Shortcomings This exercise plan appears to abuse the utilization of space.â It appears that the biggest measure of room ought to go to portraying the exercise points and technique, yet this doesn't occur here.â truth be told, there isn't place leaned to depict the genuine procedure and method of the exercise plan itself.â There is nothing to show what will happen explicitly during the class.â I don't know how the word helps contrasts from materials, so this may be pointlessly redundant and occupy room from other important data. Proposals for Improvement This exercise plan must include an area for determining every movement and the foreseen time for it.â Without that, it is extremely unlikely to assess how well the exercise went and what changes may be made to it.â The principal box is way too large.â That can be consolidated considerably. General Description The third exercise plan layout appears as five vertical sections. Over the segments are spots for the general information of class, by and large point, date and time.â Beneath the segments are spaces to list schoolwork and an assessment of the lesson.â The six sections are named as follows:â Activity, Materials and Aids, Time Needed, Skills to be Practiced, and Problems Anticipated. Qualities The vertical sections recommend a direct organization.â Each action recorded in the primary segment can be followed over every segment, leaving no inquiry with regards to the particular personality of each different activity.â This is the main exercise intend to do this.â Also, the spot to envision issues is likewise savvy, as exercises once in a while go as expected.â once more, the educator has a spot to assess their exercises. Shortcomings Once more, I think the request for the introduction is a little inefficient.â A reordering of the segments is recommended below.â Also, just one spot is given for a general aim.â However, most exercises have extra, progressively explicit objectives and goals too. Proposals for Improvement I would arrange the segments in the accompanying way:â Time Needed, Activity, Skills, Materials, and Problems.â This appears to stream regular and will keep the instructor from backtracking.â I would likewise include a spot for more exercise explicit destinations notwithstanding the bigger, generally point. By and large Evaluation The entirety of the exercise plans present are a fantastic beginning in setting up a format to use in the ELT classroom.â However, a couple of increments may improve the entirety of the exercise plans.â As a matter of housekeeping, it is a smart thought to have a spot for understudies who are absent.â That way, make up materials can be gathered and conveyed effectively without the need to cross check the exercise plan with the participation book. Next, I would propose that a spot be added to every exercise plan for fortification and for enrichment.â It is altogether conceivable that a few understudies will require extra work on the fundamental objectives and points while others ace them quickly.â Thus, the support exercises can re-show the exercise to those more slow to get a handle on it while the improvement exercises can give additionally moving work to those that got the material quicker than others.â  Everyone will remain occupied while the instructor centers around those that are battling. Most teachers propose saving a spot toward the start of the arrangement for audit of past material and again toward the finish of the arrangement to survey the day’s exercise and see the following day.â It is anything but difficult to overlook these things; they can be handily composed into the plan.â One booming exclusion in every one of the three of the exercise plans was the oversight of the utilization of innovation. While this may be recorded under materials, I accept that innovation use, particularly in the ELT homeroom, is an essential part in exercise arranging. Sound exercises, video exercises, even exercises on PowerPoint or PC programs utilized by the understudies are for the most part noteworthy systems for understudies learning a second language.â It is a blemish to preclude this structure in the exercise plan the same number of instructor assessment and confirmation instruments explicitly look for them. At long last, it is in every case best to have as much space accessible as possible to compose in.â I would recommend that the instructors augment the edges on the records to that more data can be written in the spaces.â â  While the exercise plan is best kept to one page, the additionally composing that the educator can flawlessly put on that one page, the better.â It is smarter to have an excess of data on the page than insufficient. Association is the way to progress for all instructors, and particularly the educators of ELT. Once the youngsters enter the homeroom, there is presently an ideal opportunity to attempt to understand a befuddling or ineffectively composed plan.â Not each arrangement will work for each instructor, so it might take some effort to hit upon the absolute best format. The best counsel is to have a space to write in things you do each day, for example, survey, schoolwork, see, reflection etc.â That way you won't neglect to remember that portion for your lesson.â It is essential to monitor time so the class time will never be wasted.â Finally, the more explicit the arrangement is, the simpler it is to instruct. Every one of these three plans is positively on target and with a couple of minor adjustments, they will be prepared to use in the study hall.       Â

Professional Knowledge and Abilities Essay

The AAPT otherwise called the American of Pharmacy Technicians was established in 1979. The AAPT is a universal non-benefit association that is devoted to improve the conveyance of pharmaceutical administrations, which incorporates trade, advancement, and spread of data. Every instructive prerequisite are fundamental for all drug store experts, because of the exparsions of drug store innovation. It is significant that the estimation of instruction proceeds so the AAPT perceived the significance so they built up a proceeding with training administration. â€Å"AAPT CES is the official supplier of CE credits for drug store professionals. (American Association of Pharmacy Technicians 2009) The commitment that the American Association of Pharmacy Technicians is the proceeding with instruction to build my expert information and capacities. It is required by my express that I have ten CE credits to keep my state affirmation and I must have twenty to save my global confirmation for me to have the option to rehearse as a drug store expert. Proceeding with these courses it causes me to keep up on the new meds, most recent innovation, drug store laws and strategies, and administration capacities. It is demonstrated that the data that is held from the proceeding with training is significant in the activity of drug store. Another explanation that it is critical to proceed with training as a result of the consistent changes in medicine and drug store laws. It is accepted that the data held from the CE program can be viewed as a security system for everybody, for example, patients and medicinal services suppliers is crucial for the correct administer of the prescriptions without doing any damage to the patients, yet additionally giving the most ideal approach to get and take the drug. All in all, for one to get proficient information and capacities one must go forward in the essential instruction courses to have the option to acquire what one is searching for. The AAPT is the perfect spot to get that information and capacities. Without that extra instruction then the one individual would not have the option to get the information and capacities that they are looking for their expert occupation.

How to Write College Essays

How to Write College EssaysHow to write college essays should be the most important question you ask yourself when you take college admissions tests. It's not as simple as picking up a piece of paper and having it come out perfectly. The essay you'll write has everything to do with what kind of education you have and how you compare to other applicants. If you are smart enough to find yourself accepted into college, you will also be smart enough to get the best grades you can possible get.A little understanding of how to write college essays is a good idea. What goes into each of these sections is crucial to your ability to pass your admissions test. Taking this subject seriously and paying attention to detail is crucial to knowing how to write a truly comprehensive application. You can't just toss in your opinions and thoughts; the essay needs to be well thought out and written with substance.The most common college essay topic is a personality analysis. The real purpose of the essa y is to get you to reflect on your interests, personal likes and dislikes, hobbies, ambitions, and dreams. The topic could be anything you like; it's a great way to express how you see yourself. The next step in writing an essay is to examine the style and structure of the essay. Make sure you research different topics before deciding which topic to write.Many common questions you will be asked by colleges are about previous jobs. This is an extremely important part of the admissions process. Colleges need to know if you worked outside of school and your exact position, how many years, and how much you made per year. Past jobs will show that you are someone who can handle outside jobs and can hold down a steady job.To make your college applications stand out, write about topics you've never thought of before. Some topics include college career advice, what you hope to accomplish in college, and personal finance. You can include something about your family and friends if you want, bu t make sure it's not a lot of information. People who don't write personal essays can seem uninterested and desperate for attention.An important piece of writing is the conclusion. This is the last part of the essay and is where you discuss why you're going to college in the first place. In your conclusion, be honest with yourself, explain why you're interested in college and what you hope to accomplish. Focus on your reasons for going to college and try to put everything you've been told into words. It's also a good idea to link your personal goals to your education.The biggest problem for how to write college essays is procrastination. Procrastination is the reason so many students fail to write a proper essay. There is no set time frame for this; you just have to put some time aside every day to write. If you can find five minutes every day, then that's fine. Since essays are short, it won't take long.Writing a resume or an essay at all is intimidating, especially if you haven't done it before. Make sure you learn how to write essays properly before you attempt it for the first time. You won't go wrong if you practice and learn how to write a good essay. Good luck!

Power And Infidelity By John F. Kennedy - 1302 Words

Power and Infidelity Some people tend to allow power to make them feel superior. According to Dr. Gary Lewandowski, chair of the Psychology Department at a University states that research indicated that people in power do tend to engage in infidelity. Sociology Professor Alan Foster also stated that once power is achieved, it’s taken as a right that you can do whatever it is you want to do-usually with those in a more subordinate position and those close to you†. Scandals such as this have hit the White House numerous times. Some of our own presidents have been accused of using their power in office to obtain personal sexual desires. Presidents such as John F. Kennedy, Thomas Jefferson, Gary Hart, and Bill Clinton have all had their share of infidelity scandals. Leaving me to think that sexual affairs have always been part of the presidency. The media takes their mistakes and uses it to scrutinize every aspect of the president’s personal life, making i t difficult for them to keep their marriage together. Thomas Jefferson was the 3rd president of the United States. He was educated in a local school until the age of 17 when he attended the college of William and May to study law. He played a key role as president in the establishment of the United States. He paid off revolutionary debts and expanded the country with the inclusion of the expansive Louisiana Purchase. Even though he did an extra-ordinary job in office, his personal life was publicized forShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1607 Words   |  7 Pages The Great Gatsby is an American novel written in 1925 by F. Scott Fitzgerald. One of the themes of the book is the American Dream. The American Dream is an idea in which Americans believe through hard work they can achieve success and prosperity in the free world. In F. Scott Fitzgerald s novel, The Great Gatsby, the American Dream leads to popularity, extreme jealousy and false happiness. Jay G atsby’s recent fortune and wealthiness helped him earn a high social position and become one of the mostRead MoreShould Prostitution Be Abolished?1174 Words   |  5 Pagespercent of men would betray their wives if they had the chance to. 74 percent of men would morally wrong their significant other if they knew for a fact they wouldn’t be found out. If prostitution was legalized, it would be an incentive to commit to infidelity. 74 percent of men could find affairs with ease if prostitution was legalized. 74 percent of men would have an affair, due to legal prostitution being easier to hide than illegal prostitution. 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For example in Neighbours the love triangle between Karl Kennedy, a married man and his secretary Sarah. Viewers knew the secret of the affair however; it was not by Susan Kennedy, or the Ramsey Street community. Therefore allowing the secret to maintain it’s status and continue to beRead More Larry Flynt: Confronting Sex and Politics in America Essay3993 Words   |  16 Pagesaccessible to the American public b y way of the Starr Report (http://CNN.com/starr.report/)and the mainstream media. The impeachment of the President symbolizes the pinnacle of the integration of sex and politics by the media. Flynt’s cravings for power and his obsession with sex have inspired his actions. The impeachment trials created an atmosphere in which a porn king, Larry Flynt, was able to capture the attention of the American public. 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On March 10, 1961, in spite of his private reservations, King spoke in favor of a compromise desegregation plan for AtlantaRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pages9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP

My Family Practices Bonnie Liang And I Am Chinese Born...

I am Bonnie Liang and I am Chinese born Canadian. My family practices Buddhism, however, asides from the main festivities that are celebrated, I have to admit that I do not know much about my own culture. My parents know more than me about the traditions that should be followed. Even so, because we live in Canada now, there are also many Canadian customaries that have been included into our lives. Holidays, such as Christmas, are not normally celebrated in the Chinese culture, but my Family has merged this holiday into it. New years is also supposedly celebrated according to the traditional Chinese calendar, which varies on any day between January and February. My family used to only celebrate the new year according to the Chinese calendar, but we now celebrate new years twice a year. The combination of my Chinese and Canadian background has developed a very unique macrosystem (Bronfenbrenner) for me. I have a large family which makes me very family oriented. On the contrary, because my family is so large, there are many times where it is difficult for my whole family to be in the same place at once. The period of my toddlerhood, was right before my dad opened his own business. My family size was smaller then, and it was easier to spend time together. However, once my dad started his own business, he was always working. Overload of work caused him to have social withdrawal, a decline in social and emotional responsiveness, towards my sisters and I (Evans Wachs, 2010, p.Show MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge , Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual

The Aztec Human Sacrifices Essay - 1175 Words

The Aztec civilization was a very complex society that was feared and known well for their various gory sacrifices done to please their many gods in their polytheistic religion. The much feared civilization began by the exile of one of the two Toltec leaders, which lead to the decline of the Toltec state that was later replaced by Mexica, or the Aztecs. According to the Aztecs, the land chosen to build their main city was chosen by the portrayal of an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its mouth. Through military might, the Aztecs managed to become the most powerful civilization in the mid-fourteenth century. They maintained their power through military might and the fear they caused other civilizations because of the human†¦show more content†¦The selfless act the gods committed led to one of the major reasons for human sacrifices which was that since the gods gave up their own life for the creation of the new world, that the Aztecs had to somehow respect and honor t heir action. They did this by creating an eighteen month calendar, which dedicated each month to a certain god. The Aztecs used scared and solar calendars to tell time and when all the possible combinations had been used, usually every fifty-two years, the Aztecs would go through a twelve-day period before the cycle started again (Benson 506). There were many different methods the Aztecs used to sacrifice their victims but most sacrifices centered on the method of heart extraction. The victims were, â€Å"thrust onto the stone, where a temple priest cut through their chest wall with a ritual flint knife,† and the heart was, â€Å"[offered] to the sun for vitality and nourishment,† (â€Å"Aztec Human Sacrifices†). There was also the act of burning the victim alive in the sacrificial fire but before they reached death they were taken out and their heart would be taken out (Callery 33). Victims were not the only ones that were sacrificed; priests also conducted a method of sacrifice called bloodletting. The priest would begin by punctuating his tongue or any other body part and then proceeding to letting blood flow out (â€Å"Aztec Human Sacrifices†). A torture method of the Aztecs that might beShow MoreRelatedHuman Sacrifice And The Gods Essay1360 Words   |  6 Pagesdripped down off the sacrif icial table as the priest cuts out the man’s heart to offer it to the gods.â€Å" The occurrence of human sacrifice can usually be related to the recognition of human blood as the sacred life force†(â€Å"Human Sacrificing†). The thought of human sacrificing may seem inhuman or uncivilized; however, in the ancient times, it was considered a prayer for better times. Human sacrificing was not only a ritual act to earn a god s favor, but also for a greater cause. Usually people would benefitRead MoreRamon Astorga. Professor . History 101. 06 March 2014.906 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 101 06 March 2014 The Aztec Empire The Aztec civilization was the most dominate complex society in Mesoamerica of all time. The Aztecs were an innovative and sophisticated civilization that became superior due to their elaborate engineered cities, pyramids, and temples. 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The first thing that probably comes to your mind is human sacrifice, or them being very bloody and gory. Well there is much more to the Aztecs than human sacrifice and wars. The Aztecs were a very advanced and successful civilization. They did perform human sacrifice, but it was a part of their religion, and it was common for cultures to sacrifice humans at the time. Also, all of the things we know todayRead MoreWhat Does Aztec Culture Mean For Mexican People?917 Words   |  4 Pages What does Aztec culture mean for Mexican people? The Aztec culture was the beginning of the Mexican culture along with other Indian territories in Mexico. The Aztecs were known because they ruled and most of the southern part of Mexico for a long period of time, but like everyone knows everything has to come to an end. Even though Aztec society is gone, their society levels, religion, and architecture can still be seen and analyzed today. 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I took an interest in their beautiful architecture, their ritualistic and sacrificial religious practices, as well as their history and how they began.Read MoreAztec Religion: the Foundation of a Civilization1456 Words   |  6 PagesThe religion of the Aztec, including their beliefs, customs and religions, acted as a tremendous influence on their government, economy, and culture. Religion was the foundation for the infamous culture of the Aztec Civilization. Through ceremonies of sacrifice, and the infusion of cosmology int o their religion, the Aztecs sculpted a culture unlike that of any other civilization, and left behind a legacy to be studied and admired for generations to come. Religion ultimately shaped the unique civilizationRead MoreThe Problems Of Aztec Tribe1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Problems of Aztec Tribe Pre-Columbian Aztec Tribe was a very complex and hierarchical society that settled among the Aztecs of central Mexico in the times prior to the Spanish seize of Mexico. It was erected on the cultural bases of the bigger area of Mesoamerica. The culture was structured into self-governing city-states, called altepetls, which had smaller divisions. These city-states were further composed of one or more large kinship cluster (History.com). Nobles and commoners were the most

Science V Religion Essay Example For Students

Science V Religion Essay Since the dawn of man, humans have striven to explain the many mysteries of the universe, and to justify our existence in it. Throughout this journey of self-understanding, numerous standpoints on human existence have evolved and merged into a complex, abstract manifestation called religion. However, as the human race has grown and advanced itself, many ideas expressed by religion seem less and less plausible. Advances in science and technology have yielded a new breed of human thought that has disturbed and shaken the foundations of religious ideology. Our new, scientifically grounded understanding of the universe has unfolded a plethora of answers to age-old questions, which are antithetical to the explanations offered by religion. As strong scientific evidence has surfaced which is contrary to the prevailing religious view, open-minded believers have adapted their beliefs accordingly, but many fundamentalists refuse to accept scientific evidence. This is the root of the dilemma between science and religion. Many philosophers and theists have offered their views concerning the ongoing battle between science and religion. Reconciliation between science and religion is impossible, because the claims made by religion and the evidence provided by science are so extraordinarily different. The advance of science has caused many theists to compromise traditional religious beliefs in order to facilitate scientific evidence, thus proving that scientific explanations of the universe are more plausible than the rationales offered by religion. An excellent example of this can be seen in the question of the age of the planet Earth. According to religious theology, the Earth is less than ten thousand years old. However, there is an overwhelming amount of scientific evidence that proves the Earth to be many billions of years old. Many religious thinkers have responded to this evidence, by claiming that the methods used to ascertain the Earths age are inaccurate. They argue that radioactive dating; a widely accepted method of determining the age of rocks, is inaccurate because there is no available rock sample of a known age, which the method can be calibrated to. However, this argument is obsolete, because the only calibration required to find the age of a rock is the measurement of decay rates, which can be found in the laboratory in a controlled experiment (Badash 90). Because of the evidence provided by scientific research, many religious thinkers have been forced to compromise their position, and have attempted to blend scientific fact with biblical accounts of the age of the earth. Many theists contend that the words of the bible are metaphorical, and can be interpreted in a way that reconciles the biblical account of the Earths age with scientific fact. According to Genesis, the first book of the Old Testament, the earth was created in six days: And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day Genesis 1:31 (Catholic Information Network Online). They argue that other passages in the book of Genesis can be interpreted to mean that a day to God can be thousands of years, and because of this, the Earth could have been created over a much longer timeframe than six days, and can thus be as old as science proves it to be. However, this seems to be a weak point in the argument on behalf of the biblical age of Earth. In questioning the validity of the Bible as a literal work, it opens up the possibility that Christianity may be wrong. When religious thinkers accept scientific fact and try to harmonize it with the bible, the validity of the entire faith has been undermined, and this puts any biblical based argument on shaky ground. Another quandary sought to be resolved by both religion and science, is the question of mankinds origin. Modern science has provided many explanations concerning the origin of man, which contradict the traditional idea of creation. The best known of these explanations is the theory of biological evolution. Simply stated, biological evolution encompasses the changes experienced by a particular species over thousands and millions of generations as it reproduces varying offspring, more of which are generally better suited to survive in their environment than the generation before (Britannica Encyclopedia Online). Evidence for biological evolution can be seen in the diversity of life that surrounds us. It is estimated that there are over two million species on Earth, all of which have similar defining characteristics. Diary of anne frank Essay Although creation science does a good job of stretching the words of the bible in order to keep up with the fast paced findings of science, I find it hard to believe in creationism. The overwhelming amount of evidence in support of evolution makes it a far more plausible explanation for the origin of species. Another problem between science and religion concerns the existence of god. The field of physics describes the universe in relatively simple concepts. Although the explanations of the mechanics of the universe offered by physics may not appear to be simple, as we learn more and more physics, the structure of the universe does in fact seem more and more uncomplicated. However, theists postulate that an infinitely complex god is necessary to explain the simple structured universe. Descartes argues that god is a very complex being, having qualities of omnipotence and omniscience. The theists position replaces the question, How did our simple universe get here? with the much more difficult question How did an infinitely complex god get here? The principle of Ockhams Razor posits that simpler explanations are more likely to be correct than complex explanations (Britannica Encyclopedia Online). This scientific principal cuts God out of the picture. According to the most well known scientist of our time, Albert Einstein, the more a man is imbued with the ordered regularity of all events the firmer becomes his conviction that there is no room left by the side of this ordered regularity for causes of a different nature (Larson and Witham 313). In other words, the more a person understands about the workings of the universe, the more he or she is aware of natures simplicity, and the less likely he or she is to believe in god. This is the reason why 93% of the members of the National Academy of Sciences are nontheists (Larson and Witham 313). However, theists claim that the existence of god can be proven through scientific fact. Rev. William Paley in his 1802 book, Natural Theology, argues that, an artifact exhibiting a complexity of parts that collaborate to create a purposeful function requires a designer (Foster 58). Paley argues that if we see evidence for a similar design in the creations of nature, then the object also needs a cosmic designer, or God (Foster 59). I find this position hard to accept. Everything in nature can be seen or measured. However, god is intangible, and to believe in god is a complete act of faith. Many theists point out that certain aspects of nature are also invisible, such as gravitational fields and magnetic fields (Foster 60). However, a parallel cannot be drawn between the invisibility of these natural phenomenons and the invisibility of god, because these aspects of nature can be measured. God, on the other hand, cannot be proven to exist through empirical evidence. If scientific evidence exists that refutes the teachings of the bible, then why do people believe in religion? Religion gives humanity a sense of security, a sense of individual purpose, and most importantly, brings people together. Arguably the most important aspects of any valid religion is its belief in a code of conduct, a set of moral teachings that define how people should behave towards others. Religion is one of the major ways one generation passes on its values and morals to each succeeding generation. Religion has also been viewed as a way to control the masses. According to Karl Marx, Religion is the opium of the people (Microsoft Bookshelf CD-ROM 1998). Despite the scientific arguments that challenge the teachings of religion, religion will always remain an institution in our society.Words/ Pages : 2,087 / 24

The Hunger Games free essay sample

Directions: Choose one of the following essay prompts below. You will compose a five paragraph essay that contains the following: * An introduction that contains an attention getter and a thesis statement (argument) * Three body paragraphs each of them containing one supporting reason for your thesis. All body paragraphs should have a topic sentence, introduction to a quote, a quote (evidence), and an explanation of your quote. NONE OF YOUR BODY PARAGRAPHS SHOULD END IN A QUOTE!!!!!! A conclusion that restates your thesis and provides closure to your paper Select one of the following prompts for your essay. Remember that you must take a stance on the topic to argue in your thesis statement. I suggest you start preparing to write this essay now! You should start working on your thesis statement and finding evidence (quotes) to support it now. You can bring anything you prepare ahead of time to the final to use to help you write your paper. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hunger Games or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, you must do the majority of your essay composition during the final exam time. You will write this essay with a pencil and paper; we will not have access to computers. Remember this essay is worth 20% of your final grade. Prompt Options: 1. Is Haymitch a good mentor to Katniss and Peeta? (criteria definition) 2. How does Katniss’ relationship with Peeta change her personality? (character development) 3. Is the country of Panem a fair and just society? (criteria definition) 4. Alternate suggestions can be approved by me ahead of time.

lasers essays

lasers essays Laser stands for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Lasers work by producing an intense beam of bright light that travels in one direction. The laser has the unique ability to produce one specific color or wavelength of light, which can be varied in its intensity and pulse duration. The newest laser systems have become remarkably precise and selective, allowing treatment results and safety levels not previously available. All lasers contain an energized substance that can increase the intensity of light that passes through it. This substance is called the amplifying medium and it can be a solid, a liquid or a gas. Einstein can be considered as the father of the laser. 80 years ago he postulated photons and stimulated emission and won the Nobel Prize for related research on the photoelectric effect. This section discusses the historical evolution from microwave lasers to optical lasers and finally to x-ray lasers and lasers discovered in space. Some theorists were on the right track, especially Planck, who proposed that nature acted by using "quanta" of energy. But it was the young, unknown Albert Einstein who explained everything and started the field of quantum mechanics with his paper on the photoelectric effect. Einstein showed that light does not consist of continuous waves, nor of small, hard particles. Instead, it exists as bundles of wave energy called photons. Each photon has an energy that corresponds to the frequency of the waves in the bundle. The higher the frequency (the bluer the color), the greater the energy carried by that bundle. Einstein's Nobel Prize was not awarded for either one of his relativity theories - the Nobel Committee thought them too speculative at the time. Rather Einstein won the prize for explaining the photoelectric effect. Two of Einstein's 1905 papers were on the theory of atoms and molecules, yet there were still many scientists in 1905 who did not believe in atoms ...

Information Studies on Volkswagen Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information Studies on Volkswagen - Case Study Example Concluding that the key goal of making mass customized products is to provide a product that customers wanted and when they wanted to use it. The advantage of manufacturing a product such as a Volkswagen from a customer’s perspective is that a customer enjoys the product of their choice for a long time. The other advantage is that there are no surprise prices for the customer while buying. Lastly, customers also get to buy cars that meet their needs. The downside is that the company has to sell it at higher prices which are expensive for customers. The car may at the time not be customized the way a customer wants and one has to pay for charges for having the car delivered to your destination. VW’s mass customization approach faces problems from other competitors because of the dealer because the dealer can replicate the approach used by VW to offer their own way of â€Å"designing and building your own car†. In addition, VW mass customization technique also requires the integration of information systems. Information systems at the tactical and operational level in selling play a major role on e-commerce websites because the systems allow customers to submit their selection and options through the site. The e-commerce website also contains an application where all calculations are made and sent to the client. When it comes to the role of the information system at a tactical and operational level the application and business decisions integrated at the e-commerce website are based on the profile analysis of client. The profile analysis is only enabled through customer relationship management. Prior to the implementation of the CRM, SCM and e-commerce system, I would have suggested 3 main benefits to the CIO at VW.

Animal Farm- George Orwell Orwell uses key characters in Animal Farm Essay

Animal Farm- George Orwell Orwell uses key characters in Animal Farm to satirise certain characteristics in human nature. How - Essay Example Significantly, Animal Farm has been recognized as a fairy story told by a great lover of liberty as well as animals, but it reflects the realities of Soviet Russia during the Stalin era. The fundamental themes of the novel, that have generated relentless controversies during the wartime, include the abuse of power, the erosion of civil liberties, democracy versus dictatorship, and, most importantly, the relationship between leaders and followers. Most essentially, â€Å"Animal Farm is not merely about Lenin and Stalin†¦ it has much to say to us today about the relationship between government leaders and followers.† (Rodden, 182) One of the basic concerns of the novelist in Animal Farm is to establish how true leaders inspire the followers while the false leaders deceive them, and the nature of this relationship has played a crucial role in the acquirement or loss of freedom and equality in the society. ... Significantly, the novelist presents the relationship between leaders and followers through the main characters of the novel who satirize various characteristics in human nature. Thus, Orwell presents pigs as taking over the command of the farm at the death of the Major, because they were â€Å"the cleverest of the animals.† (Orwell, 15) Thus, two young pigs, Snowball and Napoleon, become the leaders of the ‘Animal Farm’ and they allegorically represent Joseph Stalin and Trotsky. In a reflective exploration of the major themes and characters in the novel Animal Farm, it becomes lucid that the novelist exhibits the failure of leadership to offer freedom and equality to the followers. â€Å"In short, it can be regarded as the failure of leadership or how an intelligent, devoted leader of the revolution to better the miserable lives of animals on Manor Farm, Snowball, is driven out by a Napoleon that animals think is ‘always right’.† (Moeller and Moeller, 133) In a reflective exploration of the leaders in the work, it becomes evident that the two major leaders are presented in contrast to each other. In the novel, Snowball is presented as a more vivacious pig than Napoleon, quicker in speech and more inventive, but was not considered to have the same depth of character.† (Orwell, 15) On the other hand, Napoleon is presented as â€Å"a large, rather fierce-looking Berkshire boar †¦ [who is] not much of a talker, but with reputation for getting his own way.† (Orwell, 15) These leaders were not able to bring about freedom and equality to their followers, although their followers of ‘Animal Farm’ were expecting nothing else. Both Snowball and Napoleon were rivaling each other for power and they

The Ozone Layer and how it effects Earth Essay Example for Free

The Ozone Layer and how it effects Earth Essay The ozone layer is a region of concentration of the ozone (O3) molecule in the Earths atmosphere. The layer sits at an altitude of about 10 to 50 kilometers, with a maximum concentration in the stratosphere at an altitude of approximately 25 kilometers. In recent years, scientists have measured a seasonal thinning of the ozone layer primarily at the South Pole. This phenomenon is being called the ozone hole. The ozone layer naturally shields Earths life from the harmful effects of the suns ultraviolet (UV) radiation. A severe decrease in the concentration of ozone in the ozone layer could lead to the effects of an increase in the incidence of skin cancer (UV radiation can destroy acids in DNA), a large increase in cataracts and sun burning, suppression of immune systems in organism, adverse impact on crops and animals, reduction in the growth of phytoplankton found in the Earths oceans, and cooling of the Earths stratosphere and possibly some surface climate effect. Ozone is created naturally in the stratosphere by the combining of atomic oxygen (O) with molecular oxygen (O2). This process is activated by sunlight. Ozone is destroyed naturally by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation, and by the collision of ozone with other atmospheric atoms and molecules. Since the late 1970s, scientists have discovered that stratospheric ozone amounts over Antarctica in springtime (September November) have decreased by as much as 60 %. Satellite measurements (NIMBUS 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) have indicated a 3 % decrease in ozone between 65Â ° North 65Â ° South since 1978. A reduction of about 3 % per year has been measured for Antarctica where most of the ozone loss is occurring globally. During the late 1990s, large losses of ozone were recorded above Antarctica year after year in the months of September and August. In some years, spring levels of stratospheric ozone were more than 50 % lower than the levels recorded months prior to the seasonal development of the hole.

Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of Mice and Men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story Of Mice and Men, there are two main characters, names George and Lennie. On their journey, they encounter many different themes, such as the toughness of life and euthanasia. Friendship is also a very important theme, probably the most important, because these two people’s friendship grows and crumbles. The last theme is also very important; it is the question of fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friendship is a very complicated word. What does it mean? Does it mean always protecting someone, looking out for them, or does it mean killing them you so someone else will not torture them? Whatever it means, it happens in this story between the two main characters, George and Lennie. George used Lennie for protection; he also looked out for Lennie’s feelings. But he killed Lennie in his darkest hour, so he would not be tortured after Lennie killed Curly’s wife. What does it mean? No one really knows the hole meaning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is hard, plain and simple. Nothing comes easy to anyone, whether it is deciding someone’s fate or just giving one person who may be different respect. For all the characters in this book, something stands in the way of their life being perfect. Like George has to protect Lennie from being hurt mentally but also wants to fit in with the rest of the people. Or Crooks, who just happened to be, black and crippled and has to sleep in a different bunkhouse than the rest of the farmhands. So life is hard and sometimes there is no way around it, but the best thing you can do is cope with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Euthanasia means a rightful killing. This happens many times in the story, George killing Lennie and Carlson killing Candy’s dog. But is there such thing as euthanasia? George was not happy when he had to kill his best friend, and Candy was not happy to see his dog die. So what does that mean? Of Mice And Men :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Of Mice and Men   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story Of Mice and Men, there are two main characters, names George and Lennie. On their journey, they encounter many different themes, such as the toughness of life and euthanasia. Friendship is also a very important theme, probably the most important, because these two people’s friendship grows and crumbles. The last theme is also very important; it is the question of fate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Friendship is a very complicated word. What does it mean? Does it mean always protecting someone, looking out for them, or does it mean killing them you so someone else will not torture them? Whatever it means, it happens in this story between the two main characters, George and Lennie. George used Lennie for protection; he also looked out for Lennie’s feelings. But he killed Lennie in his darkest hour, so he would not be tortured after Lennie killed Curly’s wife. What does it mean? No one really knows the hole meaning.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Life is hard, plain and simple. Nothing comes easy to anyone, whether it is deciding someone’s fate or just giving one person who may be different respect. For all the characters in this book, something stands in the way of their life being perfect. Like George has to protect Lennie from being hurt mentally but also wants to fit in with the rest of the people. Or Crooks, who just happened to be, black and crippled and has to sleep in a different bunkhouse than the rest of the farmhands. So life is hard and sometimes there is no way around it, but the best thing you can do is cope with it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Euthanasia means a rightful killing. This happens many times in the story, George killing Lennie and Carlson killing Candy’s dog. But is there such thing as euthanasia? George was not happy when he had to kill his best friend, and Candy was not happy to see his dog die. So what does that mean?

Importance of Quality in Different Manufacturing Processes

| Importance of Quality in different manufacturing processes| | | | | | | | TERM PAPER ————————————————- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This term paper would not be accomplished without the generous contributions of individuals and organizations. I am very much grateful to them for their unlimited help and support. Additionally, we thank our course instructor Fateh Pal Singh who believed that I could terminate this term paper on time. His moral guidelines, endless effort, and joyful encouragement made me successful in this paper.Furthermore, I want to show our appreciation to the executives, to the librarians of LPU library, and to the lab-assistants of the computer labs, for their unlimited patience during the time of research writing. Moreover, I are also thankful to our classmates, and friends for their helps and supports. I would like to show our endless gratitude by specifying name o f FATEH PAL SINGH   for her support in this term paper. †¦Mayank Sibal†¦ ROLL NO. :RF4005B37 Contents: 1. Defination of Quality 2. Activities of Quality 3. Quality Control 4.Quality Improvment 5. Steps of Quality Improved in Manufacturing Process 6. Taguchi’s Approach to quality Engineering 7. Robust Design 8. Adverse Performance Shaping Factors DEFINITION OF QUALITY How is quality defined? It is interesting to observe how its definition varies according to the particular emphasis of quality activities. Juran (1964) defines quality as fitness for use. Crosby (1979) describes quality in terms of conformance to requirements. Deming (1986) says that quality is concerned with the present and future needs of the customer.For Feigenbaum (1983) quality is to do with the combined product characteristics of engineering and manufacture that determine the degree to which the product will meet the expectations of the customer. Taguchi (1986) defines quality as the loss a prod uct causes society once it has been shipped, apart from any losses caused by its intrinsic functions. According to ISO 8402 (International Organization for Standardization,1986), quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that have a bearing on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.Recently, the most widely used definition is that of ISO 9001 (2000). It says that a quality is a characteristic that a product or service must have. For example, products much be reliable, useable, and repairable. These are some of the characteristics that a good quality product must have. Similarly, service should becourteous, efficient, and effective. These are some of the characteristics that a good quality service must have. In short, a quality is a desirable characteristic. However, not all qualities are equal. Some are more important than others. The most important qualities are the ones that customers want.These are the qualities that products and serv ices must have. So providing quality products and services is all about meeting customer requirements. ACTIVITIES OF QUALITY In the manufacturing industry, activities concerned with quality can be divided into six stages: 1. Product planning: planning for the function, price, life cycle, etc. of the product concerned. 2. Product design: designing the product to have the functions decided in product planning. 3. Process design: designing the manufacturing process to have the functions decided in the product design. 4.Production: the process of actually making the product so that it is of the designed quality. 5. Sales: activities to sell the manufactured product. 6. After-sales service: customer service activities such as maintenance and product services. * Note that there are three different characteristics of quality in an overall quality system in the manufacturing industry: 1. Quality of design: quality of product planning, product designand process design. 2. Quality of conforma nce: quality of production. 3. Quality of service: quality of sales and after-sales services. Nowadays, these three aspects of quality are equally important in the manufacturing company. If any one of them is not up to the mark, then the overall quality system is unbalanced, and the company will face serious problems. Quality control Quality control is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. This approach places an emphasis on three aspects: 1. Elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records 2. Competence, such as knowledge, skills, experience, and qualifications 3.Soft elements, such as, personnel integrity, confidence, organizational culture, motivation, team spirit and quality relationships. 4. The quality of the outputs is at risk if any of these three aspects is deficient in any way. Quality control emphasizes testing of products to uncov er defects, and reporting to management who make the decision to allow or deny the release, whereas quality assurance attempts to improve and stabilize production, and associated processes, to avoid, or at least minimize, issues that led to the defects in the first place. ———————————————— Quality improvement There are many methods for quality improvement. These cover product improvement, process improvement and people based improvement. In the following list are methods of quality management and techniques that incorporate and drive quality improvement: 1. ISO 9004:2008 — guidelines for performance improvement. 2. ISO 15504-4: 2005 — information technology — process assessment — Part 4: Guidance on use for process improvement and process capability determination. 3.QFD — quality function deployment, also known as the house of quality appr oach. 4. Kaizen  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Japanese for change for the better; the common English term is  continuous improvement. 5. Zero Defect Program — created by NEC Corporation of Japan, based upon  statistical process control  and one of the inputs for the inventors of Six Sigma. 6. Six Sigma  Ã¢â‚¬â€ 6? , Six Sigma combines established methods such as statistical process control,  design of experiments  and  FMEA  in an overall framework. 7. PDCA  Ã¢â‚¬â€ plan, do, check, act cycle for quality control purposes. Six Sigma's  DMAIC  method (define, measure, analyze, improve, control) may be viewed as a particular implementation of this. ) 8. Quality circle  Ã¢â‚¬â€ a group (people oriented) approach to improvement. 9. Taguchi methods  Ã¢â‚¬â€ statistical oriented methods including quality robustness, quality loss function, and target specifications. 10. The Toyota Production System — reworked in the west into  lean manufacturing. 11. Kansei Engin eering  Ã¢â‚¬â€ an approach that focuses on capturing customer emotional feedback about products to drive improvement. 12.TQM —  total quality management  is a management strategy aimed at embedding awareness of quality in all organizational processes. First promoted in Japan with the Deming prize which was adopted and adapted in USA as the  Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award  and in Europe as the  European Foundation for Quality Management  award (each with their own variations). 13. TRIZ  Ã¢â‚¬â€ meaning â€Å"theory of inventive problem solving† 14. BPR —  business process reengineering, a management approach aiming at ‘clean slate' improvements (That is, ignoring existing practices). 5. OQM — Object-oriented Quality Management, a model for quality management. Proponents of each approach have sought to improve them as well as apply them for small, medium and large gains. Simple one is Process Approach, which forms the bas is of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System standard, duly driven from the ‘Eight principles of Quality managagement', process approach being one of them. Thareja[4]  writes about the mechanism and benefits: â€Å"The process (proficiency) may be limited in words, but not in its applicability.While it fulfills the criteria of all-round gains: in terms of the competencies augmented by the participants; the organisation seeks newer directions to the business success, the individual brand image of both the people and the organisation, in turn, goes up. The competencies which were hitherto rated as being smaller, are better recognized and now acclaimed to be more potent and fruitful†. [5]  The more complex Quality improvement tools are tailored for enterprise types not originally targeted. For example, Six Sigma was designed for manufacturing but has spread to service enterprises.Each of these approaches and methods has met with success but also with failures. Some of the common differentiators between success and failure include commitment, knowledge and expertise to guide improvement, scope of change/improvement desired (Big Bang type changes tend to fail more often compared to smaller changes) and adaption to enterprise cultures. For example, quality circles do not work well in every enterprise (and are even discouraged by some managers), and relatively few TQM-participating enterprises have won the national quality awards. There have been well publicized failures of BPR, as well as Six Sigma.Enterprises therefore need to consider carefully which quality improvement methods to adopt, and certainly should not adopt all those listed here. It is important not to underestimate the people factors, such as culture, in selecting a quality improvement approach. Any improvement (change) takes time to implement, gain acceptance and stabilize as accepted practice. Improvement must allow pauses between implementing new changes so that the change is stabi lized and assessed as a real improvement, before the next improvement is made (hence continual improvement, not continuous improvement).Seven step quality manufacturing process improvement Improving quality manufacturing processes can result in decreased waste, better quality products, and an overall improvement in customer satisfaction. The following are tips for seven step quality manufacturing process improvement. Before you start, however, you will want to develop a committee that is in charge of overseeing the steps and making sure they come to fruition. It's best to involve the whole company if possible, but in the beginning a committee can help to ensure the steps are completed and taken from beginning to end.Step one: The first step is to define the actual process. This is important as it provides a foundation for improving your processes. During this first step, you should name the process and its purpose, as well as its starting and ending points, inputs and outputs, and y our overall requirements. It would also be a good idea to identify the customers and suppliers who will be affected by this process Step two: The next step involves identifying areas of improvement that are needed. This process is usually done by selecting a random sampling of a particular product that is being manufactured.This product is then tested for a variety of things that will have an impact on the end user and consumer. This can include durability, materials, toxicity, and so forth. There are a number of ways to go about this in manufacturing. Some of the more common areas of improvement in manufacturing include disintegration of parts, loose fasteners, and so forth and should be a main focus. Step three: Identify potential solutions for the problems. Once the problems have been identified, it is important to then find solutions for them. Brainstorm ith the committee, or consult specialists or higher ups in the manufacturing plants that can help you to arrive at the best po ssible solution. Additionally, you will want to get feedback from those who work on or with the process on a daily basis. Step four: After you have identified problem areas and then brainstormed for improvements, step four involves developing a more detailed solution for each problem area. In detailing how to solve the problem, include a budget, determine what personnel are necessary for making the improvements, conduct a projected cost analysis, and a time frame for completing the overall improvements.You will also need to determine how the rest of the manufacturing plant will be affected by this and whether it will slow production at any level. Step five: Put your plan into action. After a detailed plan has been made, it is time to implement it to improve your processes. Now is the time to involve everyone, from the highest levels of management in the manufacturing company down to the workers who utilize the process. Step six: Evaluate. Once you have put your plan into action and have achieved the results from it, you will need to evaluate your improvement process as a whole.Ask yourselves if the process had its desired effect. Was the process successful? Did it fix the problem? Did it eliminate waste? Did you implement the improvements on time and within budget? All of these factors should be taken into consideration. Step seven: Continue to repeat steps two and six as often as necessary to achieve improvement within the manufacturing plant. The overall goal is to decrease the need for a committee, and instead have all members of the plant continually working to improve. TAGUCHI’S APPROACH TO QUALITY ENGINEERINGA product’s cost can be divided into two main parts: before sale and after sale to the customer. The costs incurred before sale are the manufacturing costs, and the costs incurred after sale are those due to quality loss. A defective product which is scrapped or reworked prior to shipment is viewed by Taguchi as a manufacturing cost to the company, but not a quality loss. Qualityengineering is an interdisciplinary science which is concerned with not only producing satisfactory products for customers but also reducing the total loss (manufacturing cost plus quality loss).Hence, quality engineering involved engineering design, process operations, after-sales services, economics and statistics. Taguchi’s impact on the concept of quality control in the manufacturing industry has been far-reaching. His quality engineering system has been used successfully by many companies in Japan, the USA and elsewhere. Recently it is reported that several companies in Korea have used his methods with great success. He emphasizes the importance of designing quality control into the manufacturing processes.Also, he stresses that quality variation is the main enemy of quality engineering and that every effort should be made to reduce the variation in quality characteristics. Taguchi extensively uses experimental design primarily as a tool to design products more robust (which means less sensitive) to noise factors. Robust design is an engineering methodology for optimizing the product and process conditions which are minimally sensitive to the various causes of variation, and which produce high-quality products with low development and manufacturing costs. Taguchi’s parameter design is an important tool for robust design.His tolerance design can be also classified as a robust design. In a narrow sense robust design is identical to parameter design, but in a wider sense parameter design is a subset of robust design. Two major tools used in robust design are: * signal-to-noise ratio, which measures quality with emphasis on variation. * orthogonal arrays, which accommodate many design factors (parameters) simultaneously. References: 1. Internet: www. mitlecture. com www. wikipidia. com www. google. com/books 2. Books: 1. Kalpeak Jain 2. â€Å"Fundamental of Morden Manufacturing† By, Mp Grover

Analysis Of M. Butterfly By David Henry Hwang Essay

M. Butterfly, by David Henry Hwang, focuses and explores on this central theme of sexism towards women in most cultures. Sexism refers to the prejudice, discrimination, or stereotyping of an individual on the basis of their sex. Throughout M. Butterfly, sexism is illustrated through the actions of the protagonist, Rene Gallimard. Aside from this, sexism is also illustrated in most of the conversations that the characters in the play exchange. David Henry Hwang explores the different stereotypes and discriminations against women and how these stereotypes and discriminations not only affect Oriental women but women of the West as well. The plot of the story surrounds this man, Rene Gallimard, who is a French diplomat being sent to China. Although a married man, he begins to fall in love with Song Liling, an opera singer. Gallimard and Liling begin a secret relationship but at the end it is uncovered that Song Liling was actually a Chinese spy and not other than a man. The theme of the play begins to unravel here when it comes to the reader’s notice that the focus of this play is based on this fantasy stereotype which Gallimard holds for Song, even when finding out she is in reality a man. Throughout M. Butterfly, Gallimard manner of speaking towards Song demonstrates this idea of this fantasy stereotype. This term of â€Å"fantasy stereotype† refers to this concept that men hold of women and how the â€Å"perfect woman† should act and be. Fantasy stereotype is part of the sexismShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of M. Butterfly By David Henry Hwang1772 Words   |  8 Pagesalong Western and Eastern lines, and we expect the nation-states to act accordingly. David Henry Hwang, author of M. Butterfly, describes the scenario through one of his characters, Song Liling, as â€Å"The West thinks of itself as masculine – big guns, big industry, big money – so the East is feminine – weak, delicate, poor†¦but good at art, and full of inscrutable wisdom – the feminine mystique† (Hwang 1988). Hwang lays out this relationship between the East and West as a relationship between man andRead More Feminism in M. Butterfly Essay2722 Words   |  11 PagesFeminism in M. Butterfly In the 1989 drama M. Butterfly, the masterwork of contemporary American playwright David Henry Hwang, the topic of sexual politics underlies all other themes, and creates a tension between the genders that pervades throughout the text; moreover, Hwang subverts traditional thematic aspects of sexual politics by questioning the most fundamental unit of sex by considering the very nature of gender and what defines a male or a female. These elements unite and develop a